1. What is agricultural organic waste?
Agricultural organic waste refers to the organic waste generated in the process of agricultural production, including the remaining parts of crops, manure from animal husbandry, and packaging materials for agricultural products. These organic wastes are produced in the process of agricultural production and continue to be produced in the process of crop planting, animal husbandry, and agricultural product processing.
Agricultural organic waste usually has a high organic matter content and contains a large amount of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., which are very important for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility. Agricultural organic waste can be viewed as a resource that, through proper treatment and utilization, can be converted into valuable products or used to improve soil quality.
2. Agricultural organic waste classification
Agricultural organic waste is usually classified according to the following categories:
- Remaining parts of crops:
This includes stems, leaves, roots, peels, residual branches, etc. of crops. crop surplus Some are usually produced during agricultural production, such as harvested straw, corn Straw, fruit tree branches, etc.
- Animal husbandry manure:
This includes poultry (such as chickens, ducks), livestock (such as pigs, cattle, sheep) and other animal manure. Livestock manure is an organic fertilizer that contains rich nutrients and can be used for soil improvement and crop cultivation.
- Packaging materials for agricultural products:
This includes cartons, plastic bags, wooden pallets, etc. generated during the packaging of agricultural products. These packaging materials can often be recycled or disposed of properly to reduce environmental impact.
In the classification process of agricultural organic waste, it is important to effectively separate and collect different types of waste for further proper treatment and utilization. Sorting and collecting agricultural organic waste can help to recycle resources, reduce environmental pollution and improve agricultural sustainability.
3. Related hazards
Agricultural organic waste, if not properly managed and treated, can produce some of the associated hazards:
- Environmental pollution:
If agricultural organic waste is discarded arbitrarily or not handled correctly, it may lead to soil, water and air pollution. Nutrient elements and organic substances in organic waste release ammonia, methane and other gases during the decomposition process, which has a negative impact on air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, improper stacking of organic waste may cause soil and groundwater pollution, resulting in damage to water resources.
- Risk of disease transmission:
Agricultural organic waste may contain pathogens, bacteria, and parasites, which may cause disease transmission. For example, pathogenic bacteria can be present in manure from livestock farming, which can lead to water contamination and food safety risks if not properly treated.
- Odor and environmental impact:
Some agricultural organic wastes produce malodorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide during the decomposition process, which has a negative impact on the surrounding environment and the quality of life of residents. In addition, the accumulation of a large amount of organic waste may cause environmental problems such as wind erosion, soil erosion and water pollution.
4. Processing method
Agricultural organic waste can be processed in various ways to achieve resource recovery, environmental protection and sustainable development. The following are the ways to deal with agricultural organic waste:
- Composting:
Agricultural organic waste can be composted. Farmers can decompose and transform organic waste such as leftovers of crops and livestock manure into composting sites. During the composting process, through the action of microorganisms, the organic matter is decomposed into organic fertilizer, which is called compost. Compost can be used to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil fertility and water retention.
- Utilization of biomass energy:
some agricultural organic waste can be used for the production of biomass energy. For example, the remaining parts of crops, branches, straw, etc. can be used for biomass power generation or biomass fuel production to provide energy and heat.
- Biogas fermentation:
The organic waste in animal husbandry manure can be processed by biogas fermentation. Biogas fermentation is the process of using microorganisms to decompose organic matter to produce biogas. The biogas can be used as energy, and the biogas residue can also be used as organic fertilizer.
- Recycling:
Some agricultural organic wastes can be reused. For example, the remainder of the crop can be used for animal feed or for mushroom cultivation. Livestock manure can be used as organic fertilizer and applied to fields or orchards.
- Pyrolysis vaporization transfer into green energy & Carbon management and transfer into carbon assets:
At present, Pulian is committed to the development of agricultural organic waste thermal cracking and forwarding systems, and strives to achieve effective use of resources, environmental protection and sustainable development.
The technology of pyrolysis is using the high heat to break down chemical bonds of compounds / polymers under anaerobic or low oxygen environment. After breaking down the materials, it produces molecule compounds (biomass) which is able to be scanned by chromatography. Moreover, when the biomass is heated up, bigger macromolecule will become smaller macromolecule which are coke, condensable liquid (tar oil), mixed gas and could be recycled as an important resource.
Different reactors’ temperature and heating up speed have different results, and there are four differences below:
1. Low temperature pyrolysis: reactor temperature around 350℃~650℃, the main purpose is for carbonization, and produce carbon and charcoal.
2. Warm temperature pyrolysis: reactor temperature around 650℃~850℃, the main purpose is for biodiesel, produces tar and carbon black.
3. High temperature pyrolysis: reactor temperature around 850℃~1200℃, the main purpose is for production of flammable gas, produces hydrogen, methane, CO and CO2.
4. Super high temperature pyrolysis: reactor temperature around 1200℃, the main purpose is for totally vaporizing, produces hydrogen, methane and CO.
Application:
The technology of pyrolysis could be widely applied in waste rubber, waste plastic, sludge, mineral oil, chemical oil, industry waste oil, resin, oil paint, sludge from city, domestic wastes, organic wastes, biomass, and etc.
How to transfer into green energy:
“The white pollution” which consists of the polymer compounds which are used to produce human daily consumables/products, such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride causing the pollution. “The black pollution” which is wasted tires or rubber-made products causing environment pollution.
The white pollution, black pollution, and hazardous wastes which are using incinerator to break down generate smog which produces Dioxins, causing secondary pollution. Therefore, pyrolysis is better than incinerating because it could takes care of economic and environment protection while solving the problem of secondary pollution.
There are three positive products after pyrolysis which are better green energy:
1. During the processing of pyrolysis, because of high temperature and hypoxia, the materials will break down into short-chain organic gas and low levels of hydrogen. After purifying, those materials could produce flammable gas which is able to generate and produce electric power.
2. After pyrolysis, the remaining material which is liquid tar and it could be fractionated into light oil.
3. The much pure carbon and inorganic soil are one of the best materials for building additives or clay.
